Dementia is a group of conditions that affect memory, thinking, behaviour, and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is not a normal part of ageing.

Common early signs include memory loss, confusion with time or place, difficulty completing familiar tasks, changes in mood or behaviour, and challenges with language or communication.

Dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Age, genetics, and lifestyle factors may also play a role.

Some types of dementia have a genetic component, but most cases are influenced by a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

There is currently no cure for dementia, but treatments—both medical and psychological—can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Use simple, clear language, maintain eye contact, speak slowly, be patient, and use gestures or visual cues to aid understanding.

While dementia cannot always be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—regular exercise, balanced diet, mental stimulation, social engagement, and controlling cardiovascular risk factors—may reduce the risk.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, but dementia is an umbrella term for symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and daily functioning caused by various conditions.

Stay calm, approach the person with empathy, avoid confrontation, and try to understand the cause of the behaviour. Person-centred care strategies are recommended.

Yes, caregivers can access support groups, respite care services, counselling, and community programs designed to provide guidance and reduce caregiver stress.